RESUMO
Actualmente, la anemia perniciosa es la causa más frecuente de déficit de vitamina B12 en los países occidentales. La lesión histológica sobre la que se sustenta es la gastritis crónica atrófica autoinmune. La destrucción de las células parietales provoca un déficit de factor intrínseco, proteína fundamental para que la vitamina B12 se absorba en el íleon terminal. Los avances que se han producido en las dos últimas décadas han reabierto el debate sobre una enfermedad que parecía olvidada por su aparente simplicidad. El nuevo papel del H. pylori, el valor de los anticuerpos anticélula parietal y antifactor intrínseco, la verdadera utilidad de los niveles séricos de vitamina B12, el riesgo de adenocarcinoma y carcinoides gástricos o el tratamiento con vitamina B12 oral, son algunos de los temas de actualidad que se analizan en profundidad en esta revisión (AU)
Pernicious anemia is currently the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in Western countries. The histological lesion upon which this condition is based is autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis. The destruction of parietal cells causes a deficiency in intrinsic factor, an essential protein for vitamin B12 absorption in the terminal ileum. Advances in the last two decades have reopened the debate on a disease that seemed to have been forgotten due to its apparent simplicity. The new role of H. pylori, the value of parietal cell antibodies and intrinsic factor antibodies, the true usefulness of serum vitamin B12 levels, the risk of adenocarcinoma and gastric carcinoids and oral vitamin B12 treatment are just some of the current issues analyzed in depth in this review (AU)
Assuntos
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Anemia Perniciosa/fisiopatologia , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/fisiopatologia , Infecções por Helicobacter/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias Gástricas/epidemiologia , Fator Intrínseco/deficiência , Helicobacter pylori/patogenicidade , Células Parietais Gástricas/imunologia , Homocisteína/imunologia , Ácido Metilmalônico/imunologia , Vitamina B 12/uso terapêutico , Adenocarcinoma/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Pernicious anemia is currently the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency in Western countries. The histological lesion upon which this condition is based is autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis. The destruction of parietal cells causes a deficiency in intrinsic factor, an essential protein for vitamin B12 absorption in the terminal ileum. Advances in the last two decades have reopened the debate on a disease that seemed to have been forgotten due to its apparent simplicity. The new role of H. pylori, the value of parietal cell antibodies and intrinsic factor antibodies, the true usefulness of serum vitamin B12 levels, the risk of adenocarcinoma and gastric carcinoids and oral vitamin B12 treatment are just some of the current issues analyzed in depth in this review.
